1984-85年Kawasaki GPz 900R Ninja (ZX900 Ninja)

Kawasaki GPz 900R Ninja

Kawasaki says it is a new generation of street bike, and it is probably right. But the ZX900 also harkens back to a lost era, an era that ended, ironically, with the advent of the Kawasaki 903 Z-1. The Z-1 ushered in a decade of street bikes that were broadly targeted, fat in the powerband and, despite unprecedented power and performance, somewhat short on personality. The ZX900, on the other hand, is aimed straight at the sporting rider who takes power and cornering very seriously. Even its name, Ninja, takes you back to the era of Kawasaki's

A1 Samurai and A7 Avenger, bikes that, like the ZX900, were aggressive, high-strung animals. In those days, just the word Kawasaki could start a heated debate about whether a 350 Avenger could really beat a 650—and many 650 riders would turn a corner or ride out of a parking lot before the issue could be resolved by combat. In 1984, the debates will swirl around the question of whether the Kawasaki ZX900 Ninja can give away 100 to 250cc and still be competitive with monsters like Honda's VF1000 Interceptor and V65 Sabre, Suzuki's GS1150 and Yamaha's FJ1100. Some of the answers to such questions emerged during our testing, and the Ninja stands as a very strong contender in the Superbike War of 1984.

With V-4s popping up everywhere in Honda's '84 lineup and Suzuki and Yamaha likely to add or introduce V-4s by '85, it must have been tempting for Kawasaki to join the parade. Instead, Kawasaki chose to advance the in-line four, introducing an engine which is at once conventional and exotic, an engine that is completely competitive with the latest V-4s. It is, as Kawasaki says, an in-line four for the '80s.

Kawasaki considered sixes and V-4s before settling on "the proven configuration." Kawasaki cites several advantages for the in-line four: evenly spaced power strokes, near-perfect primary balance, simplified service, relatively few moving parts, low mechanical losses and efficient combustion flow. To these qualities, Kawasaki added several innovations to make a power plant that is completely competitive with the V-4s that have received so much attention in the last couple of seasons. Most of the innovations—like generators and other accessories mounted behind the cylinder bank, four-valve combustion chambers and liquid-cooling—are new only for Kawasaki. However, they have been assembled in a combination and configuration that are thus far unique and offer many advantages.

Two factors more than any others distinguish the ZX900 design from other in-line fours. The first is liquid-cooling, a common inclusion on other engine configurations but thus far conspicuously absent on in-line fours. By using a water-cooled rather than an air-cooled design, Kawasaki could slim things down. The wet-liner system is quite compact, as is the aluminum cross-flow radiator. The radiator holds just three-quarters of a quart and weighs under three pounds. In addition to the radiator, the cooling system includes a thermostat which actuates at 187 degrees F, an electric fan which turns on at 207 degrees, an overflow tank under the right side panel, and the water pump, which is driven by a gear from the clutch. Coolant is pumped into the front of the cylinder block, up through it to the head and then to the radiator. Kawasaki cites improved cooling as the leading factor enabling it to "■ use a stiff 11:1 compression ratio and still accept unleaded fuel. The more consistent engine tempera*ures also enabled the designers to specify tighter piston clearances in the pressed-in cylinder liners and reduce piston-ring tension.

Liquid-cooling coupled well with the decision to mount the drive chain for the camshafts at the left end of the crankshaft. The cam-chain-drive location provided many potential benefits in addition to simplifying the process of water-cooling. It enabled Kawasaki to further slim the engine by reducing the number of crankshaft bearings. It also provided easy access to the cam-chain adjuster, and, according to Kawasaki, the resulting even spacing of the bore centers made symmetrical arrangements of ports, sub-ports and combustion chambers possible. The resulting short, straight combustion paths "significantly improve breathing efficiency," according to the designers. The cam chain itself is a "silent" link-plate type with a hefty 7.94mm pitch. It's tensioned by Kawasaki's new constant-load tensioner and drives a pair of hollow camshafts, each riding on five plain-bearing surfaces in the head and each with four lobes. A reusable rubber gasket seals the cam cover. The head gasket is laminated steel, and the base gasket is steel sheet.

The ZX900 is Kawasaki's first street bike with four valves per cylinder, a feature which adds a bit of complexity and has become commonplace among the high-performance street bikes of the other Japanese firms. Until now, Kawasaki has generally managed to set—or at least match—the standard of performance without this extra bit of complication and expense. Four-valve combustion chambers had been tried extensively at Kawasaki, but they weren't deemed worthwhile until now—when there is an entire engine designed to utilize them. As discussed in the accompanying development feature, Kawasaki felt that effective use of four-valve combustion chambers relied on more than just a new head design.

Each pair of valves is operated by a forked, two-finger cam follower. Valve lash is regulated with threaded adjusters. The valve sizes are 29mm on the intake side and 24.7 on the exhaust side. Duration and lift are the same on both sides, 290 degrees and 9.3mm, respectively. The included valve angle (the angle of the valves relative to each other) has been decreased sharply compared to recent GPz models. At 34.9 degrees, it is over 25 degrees narrower than the 750 or 1100. The steep angles enabled Kawasaki to make the combustion chambers compact and to shorten the ports.

A unique set of constant-velocity carburetors is used. The 34mm Keihin CVK carbs are similar to those used on last year's Team Kawasaki Superbike racer. They have semiflat throttle slides to reduce length and weight and also improve throttle response, fuel mixing and intake velocity.

Another feature used previously but never on an in-line four built for a motorcycle is a counterbalancer. Gear driven directly from the crankshaft's primary gear (located between the No. 3 and 4 cylinders), the compact balancer is positioned just in front of the crank. Both its gear and the primary gear are polished to reduce mechanical losses and lash. The one-piece crank rides on five plain bearings, and lubrication is provided through a two-loop system. One loop simply circulates oil through the four-pass cooler mounted below the radiator in front of the sump. The other circulates oil through the engine, gearbox and oil filter, with an external line delivering oil to the head. This two-loop system keeps the cooler from impeding oil flow to moving parts. The pump, which is driven by the same shaft that drives the water pump, delivers a maximum of 71 psi.

The Ninja is the first Kawasaki with its alternator removed from the crankshaft's end to help narrow the engine. The air-cooled alternator is set back behind the cylinders with the starter and driven by a link-plate chain from the right end of the crank.

The machine is also the first big Kawasaki with a six-speed gearbox and a hydraulic clutch. To save space and help shorten the engine, the two shafts are staggered vertically in the gearbox. Third, fourth and fifth gears have undercut dogs. The No. 530 silicone-lubricated O-ring chain has its inner plates drilled to lighten it, reducing power losses and chain and sprocket wear.

The result of all this tightening, downsizing and reduction is an engine which is compact and light for its claimed 113 horsepower. It is just 18 inches wide and tapers at an angle similar to the fairing bellypan's V-shape, something you'll notice if you get down and look at the underside. This enabled Kawasaki to provide plenty of cornering clearance and still mount the engine low in the frame. The engine is also short front to rear and top to bottom. And Kawasaki says that even with the radiator and oil cooler it weighs 11 pounds less than the Z-1 engine. Overall, however, the bike is not remarkably light, despite early hopes for very low weight figures. At 565 pounds wet, the complete motorcycle is only 15 pounds lighter than the Suzuki GS1150 we tested two months ago.

However, considering that it is giving away 227cc, the GPz makes a good account of itself in power comparisons. The powerband is wide enough to give you a choice of three gears in most situations. Although there is more power at the top of the rev band, it is not necessary to keep the engine spinning up near the 10,500-rpm redline to get plenty of action when you twist the throttle. We usually just left it in top gear to pass on the highway, and the ZX900 steamed quickly past double-nickel traffic. Our roll-on tests, conducted in top gear from a 50-mph rolling start showed that the Ninja accelerated to an average of 80.7 mph after 200 yards. That is significantly slower than the Suzuki GS1150, which at 90.5 mph is the all-time uncontested champ. It's also a bit slower than the 1100 sport bikes, which range from 81.5 for the Honda CB1100F to 87.5 for the Suzuki GS1100S Katana. However, the Ninja has more top-gear punch than bikes like the Yamaha Venture, Harley-Davidson XR1000 or Suzuki GS1100G, and about the same as the Honda 750 Interceptor, the best of the 750s.

In terms of all-out sprinting power, the 900 Ninja is about equal to the Kawasaki 750 Turbo and just slightly quicker than any bike introduced before this year. Our official time, posted by Road Test Editor Jeff Karr at Baylands Raceway in Fremont, California, is 10.96 seconds at 122.3 mph. That is about two-tenths of a second slower than his quickest time on the Suzuki GS1150, which ran 10.73 seconds, 126.8 mph for him at Carlsbad Raceway. (At Fremont, Karr's best with the Suzuki was 10.81, but his best on the Kawasaki at Carlsbad was 11.2. Note that when our correction factor for the Kawasaki's time at Fremont is figured in, it comes up slower than the best time actually recorded because the barometric conditions were better than the sea-level standard conditions that we use as our standard for comparison. With this factor figured in, Karr's best time comes up 11.01 seconds at 121.8 mph. As they say in the gas-mileage ads, "Use this figure for comparison. Your times may vary.") Professional launch artist Jay Gleason had a ,15-second difference on the two when he ran them at Fremont, posting a 10.47-second run on the Suzuki and a 10.62-second run on the Kawasaki. Both bikes are rockets, but the Suzuki's extra 250cc makes itself felt with a power advantage under all conditions.

Whether you grab a fistful of throttle at 2000 or 8000 rpm, the Ninja responds crisply and without hesitation or pinging, no matter what the altitude. Throttle response is more linear than on some Kei-hin CV carbs we have sampled, and there are no abrupt lurches when you change throttle setting in a normal manner. The ZX900 warms up fairly promptly, and there are detents in the handlebar-mounted choke mechanism to help you find the right setting during warm-up.

Shifting was excellent. No one missed a shift during the test, and everyone rated gearbox action as smooth and positive. Kawasaki's automatic neutral finder, which won't let you upshift past neutral from first when the bike is stopped, makes that chore foolproof. Kawasaki's new hydraulic clutch offers a light pull and predictable, consistent engagement over a somewhat narrow span, permitting confident two-finger operation. The clutch proved its strength by standing up to over 40 full-goose launches at the dragstrip. Drivetrain lash was negligible.

Our fuel mileage on the Ninja ranged from 52 to 30 mpg, with our best tanks turned in during freeway cruising at about 70 mph. Our 40.9-mpg average would provide 237 miles of range if the 5.8-gal-lon tank were full. Incidentally, the locking fuel cap is a pleasure to use. It is hinged, so you don't have to find a place to put it while you are filling, and the opening is conveniently large. You don't need the key to close the cap again, either. The black fuel cap assembly is styled like a racing cap with alien bolts securing it to the tank, and it fits flush with the tank top.

Most sport bikes become uncomfortable in a hurry when you settle in for a long drone down a straight road. With its canted-forward riding posture and somewhat narrow seat, we expected to be miserable after a few interstate miles aboard the Ninja, but we were pleasantly surprised—and more than a little. The bike was quite comfortable for everyone who spent any time on it either touring or just during hour-long jaunts in light freeway traffic. At highway speeds the combination of slightly raised handlebars (the U.S. Ninja's bars are 1.2 inches taller than the European version's) and the wind pressure on your chest keeps the weight off your arms and hands, and the throttle return springs are light enough to prevent your wrist from pumping up right away. Even when riding in traffic for extended periods, we didn't have any complaints about the riding position, although one rider felt the seat's forward slope tended to slide him forward more than he preferred. The saddle is narrow but reasonably padded, so it took several hours of nonstop riding before it began to get uncomfortable.

The ZX900 Ninja is quite smooth for an in-line four, although most testers cited some vibration above 6000 rpm. We don't believe anyone will find much to object to, however, since it is certainly smoother than other in-line fours and only vibrates when you are going too fast to notice. Though some small jolts do reach the arms, the ride was generally quite compliant, notably so over large bumps. With everything backed down to soft, suspension compliance is better than on almost any sport bike currently available.

The fairing, comprised of an ABS upper section and PBT bellypan, offers very little wind protection for the rider. Only the chest is shielded from the air stream. The head, neck, shoulders, arms and most of the legs are out in the wind. However, the fairing creates a smooth flow of air against you, which is much less noisy, annoying and fatiguing than a turbulent airflow that whips around your helmet. Although frontal area has been kept to a minimum, we aren't terribly impressed with the fairing's sleekness. While other manufacturers have mounted their headlights flush with the noses of their various fairings, Kawasaki persists in recessing the Ninja's rectangular headlight in a pocket, which at least appears to be a source of aerodynamic drag. It is a bit of styling carried over from the GPz series and seems unnecessary in light of the company's decision to separate the bike from the GPz lineup. Nonetheless, one staffer did manage to see an indicated 151 mph on a slightly downhill road, so the Ninja certainly isn't an aerodynamic disaster.

The fairing and the rest of the bodywork have been carefully wrapped around the bike to completely hide the frame tubing. What's covered is a unique structure, an assembly of three different components to connect the engine, suspension and rider. The basic frame is an arc of conventional round steel tubes connecting the swingarm area with the tapered-roller-bearing steering head. This is the foundation of the frame, which uses the engine as a structural member, eliminating the need for the weight of cradle tubes and permitting the engine to be mounted lower than if tubes were placed beneath it. The top front of the cylinder-head and the rear of the crankcase bolt to the basic frame, and tubular steel bracketry at its front supports the fairing, oil cooler and radiator. At the bottom rear of the main frame, the pivot for the aluminum swingarm passes through some pressed steel bracketry, supporting the swingarm pivot at its center. At its ends the swingarm is supported by a pair of aluminum plates which bolt to the main frame in three places each. The aluminum plates also support the mufflers and front and rear footpegs and act as the lower attachment points for the rear sub-frame. This third frame component is made of aluminum—mostly box-section tubing—and bolts to the main frame at the point where it turns down to the swingarm area. The rear subframe supports the seat, tail section, rear fender, etc.

Single-shock Uni-Trak suspension supports the rear of the bike and features the latest version of Kawasaki's rising-rate suspension linkage. The shock is located fairly low, and has provisions for adjusting air pressure and rebound damping. Both the air filler and the four-position rebound-adjusting mechanism are reached by removing the right side panel, which is retained by a single Phillips screw. The rear axle is supported in the massive swingarm by eccentric-cam chain adjusters, and the swingarm rides on needle bearings.

An important innovation is Kawasaki's Automatic Variable Damping System (AVDS) anti-dive in the front suspension, which automatically increases compression damping in response to the speed and distance of front wheel movement during suspension compression. It works in two stages, with the fork spring applying pressure and restricting the AVDS valve to increase compression damping after the fork has compressed two inches. As the fork continues to compress, the increase in damping-fluid pressure compresses and it is progressively forced open. It sounds a bit like the anti-dive system that we complained about on the Suzuki GS1150 two months ago. However, this one (except for the fact that the plumbing is rather ugly) met with acclaim from our testing staff.

"The fork feels best when it is about a third of the way through compression, and it continues to work well to full compression," say one rider's notes. "While braking over rough surfaces, the anti-dive system cuts out soon enough to allow supple response. The front end always feels glued to the ground." Another tester called it "the first anti-dive that stays out of your way."

The brakes themselves get top marks. They are very predictable and precise and require little effort to obtain maximum effect. Even on the one occasion that we got the front brake to fade (during a photo session when the rider was accelerating full-bore past the camera, grabbing a handful of brake to stop, then turning around and repeating it perhaps 120 times), it still had enough power for hard two-finger stops; the lever just moved in closer to the bar before beginning to stop the bike hard. When cool again, the brakes recovered completely. A new pattern of holes is drilled in this bike's discs, and sintered-metal pads are used for fade resistance and wet-disc braking power in wet conditions. Kawasaki uses standard single-piston, single-action calipers with the express purpose of reducing unsprung weight. You can also see weight-saving measures in the rear caliper's aluminum stay and in the absence of the covers usually placed over the rear caliper's less attractive components.

In addition to the effective AVDS, the balanced, air-assisted front fork features 38mm stanchion tubes, the biggest ever used on a Kawasaki sport bike. The tubes were set 10mm farther apart than the GPz1100's to accommodate tires even wider than the low-profile, tubeless 120/80V16 Dunlop F17 that comes on the ZX900. Rigidity was obviously a major concern in the front end. The fork sliders have large, effective axle clamps, and there is a unique aluminum fork brace styled into the front fender assembly. The brace loops around the rear of the wheel and acts as a bracket for the front and rear sections of the fender. The 16-inch tire diameter is big news in itself and has become de rigueur on serious sport bikes in 1984 to aid in responsive handling. In combination with modest wheel-base (58.8 inches) and front-wheel trail (114mm) measurements and plenty of weight on the front wheel, it makes for the most responsive, accurate-handling big bike this magazine has ever tested.

Which brings us to the crux of the matter. The Ninja's focal point is handling, and no competitive bike that we have tested to date does it better. Having ridden the Honda VF1000F Interceptor and the Yamaha FJ1100 only briefly, we aren't prepared to say that they won't equal or surpass the ZX900. In fact, we expect the Yamaha to perform quite well. The Honda, however, will have to be a radical improvement on the prototype we rode to earn membership in the same club as the Ninja.

The Ninja is the most neutral-steering 750cc or larger bike we have ridden since the Kawasaki KZ1000R Eddie Law-son Replica, but the ZX900 steers more quickly with less effort than the ELR. No bike over 700cc steers as lightly during transitions as the Ninja, which several riders said "feels like a 550." We took the ZX900 out to several twisting, narrow, bumpy roads that are full of tight back-to-back hairpins and surprise corners, the sort of road where a good 550 can usually get away from a 1000 and where the rider on the big bike has to struggle to make any time at all. The Ninja dazzled us. It flicked into corners with surprisingly little effort—especially considering the kinds of speeds it was generating. There was no sense of the bike's 550-pound heft, even when we had just climbed off one of the 550s that accompanied the ZX900 on test jaunts.

And there is more. The Ninja is stable and precise. Whether in flat-out 120-mph heart-stopping sweepers or 15-mph hairpins, it arrives precisely where you want it to go. You find yourself taking exactly the right line because the bike responds so accurately to your steering inputs, allowing you to clip apexes closer and exit turns wider than you ever dared to before. The tendency to turn in on some bikes equipped with 16-inch front wheels is nowhere to be found on the ZX900, and it is rock-steady at insane cornering speeds. It is surprising to discover that a chassis bolted together like the Ninja's could feel so solid.

We had to fiddle with the suspension some to get all the bike's handling potential. We soon discovered that the bike steered most responsively when we jacked the rear end up by increasing air pressure and let the front end settle by decreasing air pressure. However, this provided a rather harsh ride at the rear, especially over small bumps. When we reduced the height of the rear end, the handling slowed down, although there was still plenty of cornering clearance. Fortunately, Kawasaki provided a solution in the form of the eccentric rear axle carrier. As delivered, the axle is located at the top of the eccentric, presumably to keep seat height down. We turned it around so that it was near the bottom, raising the rear of the bike about 1.5 inches. With the suspension set near its minimums at both ends, we then had a nice compliant rideand completely responsive steering. Even set up this way, the bike was stable and solid in highspeed corners. In fact, when we first rearranged the axle position, we had the rear wheel slightly cocked, and the bike was still steady and wobble-free.

It's only fitting that such excellent handling be complemented by good tires and plenty of cornering clearance. The Dun-lops offer average traction when cold and stick very well when warmed up, especially at the front. Hard acceleration loosens up the rear tire, but not as much as the Suzuki GS1150, for example. The only way you can get the front wheel to give up any traction is to accelerate hard enough to lift it. If you ride very hard—and only one person on our staff rides this hard—and are familiar with a corner, you can drag the pegs and the trailing edge of the fairing's bellypan. However, you can't drag them too hard before you run out of traction. And as the black-and-white photo above shows, you are cranked waaaay over by then.

The confidence the Ninja inspires and the deftness with which it dispatches difficult cornering situations have to be experienced before you even begin to appreciate them. You immediately find yourself running into familiar corners 20 percent hotter and 10 percent more relaxed. You also get on the gas much sooner than ever before. Surprises in mid-turn are dealt with before the adrenaline has a chance to rise. Complex corners requiring tricky lines become easy, and impossible lean angles become common occurrences. You go faster than before, and you are in greater control.

Before we gush too much, we should merrtion some items we didn't like. The mirrors are located too far inboard for effective rear vision. The tool kit has no tool for the rear axle nut. Removing the fairing takes a while because it is held on by quite a few screws and has a lot of ducts attached to it. Our bike had a minor leak around one rocker shaft. We don't like the extra weight and ugliness of a separate license-plate light below the taillight The paint on the bellypan quickly chipped from pebbles. The turn signals don't seem to match the bike. The horn is pathetic.

Details drawing positive remarks include an excellent headlight that waits until the engine has been started to turn on, easy seat removal and installation, easy access to the battery and air filter, very low oil consumption and good paint. The instrumentation is purposeful, with the tach's face slightly larger than the speedo, although the speedo is still easier to read than some larger ones. There are also fuel and water-temperature gauges, although the temp gauge gives the impression that the engine is running very hot in traffic because the point where the fan turns on is at the upper end of the gauge's range. The bike ran cool at all speeds on the open road, but the fan frequently came on in traffic. However, the temperature needle never actually moved into the red overheat zone on the gauge. The fuse box has an easily accessible accessory terminal and uses the flat plug-in type fuses. A small fuse-pulling tool is even included in the fuse box. There is an extra storage compartment in the tail section and a helmet hook on each side of the bike. One of the slickest touches is a pair of fold-down bungee-cord hooks to help you avoid scratching the paint.

Everything comes together when you ride the Ninja fast. Two staffers thrive on telling and retelling the story of their ride down from the San Francisco area to Los Angeles on the Ninja and a GPz550. They took back roads (Route 25) which in the northern section are fast and swoo-py and provide hours of intense highspeed pleasure. At about dark, they turned onto a narrower, tighter, poorly maintained road, which switches back unpredictably, narrows without warning and throws potholes, off-camber corners and other obstacles at you. Soon they rode into a heavy fog and began discovering deer, cattle and other creatures on the completely unmarked road. In short, it was the kind of ride that would have been a nightmare on most big bikes and

probably would have ended with a skid on some of the plentiful sand or an excursion into some deserted pasture. However, except for wiping the water off their face shields for better vision, our guys had fun. The ZX900's responsive steering, controllable braking, confident feel and excellent headlight kept them from having a single frightening moment, even though they were maintaining an extremely brisk pace. They were even comfortable throughout the nine hours of their ride and came back singing the praises of Kawasaki's new sport bike.

They weren't alone. By the end of the test, everyone raved about it. The only thing that keeps us from insisting that all sporting riders rush out and buy at least one is that we haven't tested the Yamaha FJ1100 yet. But you may not want to wait. By the time you read this, the ZX900 should be available, and the Yamaha won't. And at $4395, the Ninja is also sure to be cheaper than the FJ. Or you could follow our lead: order a ZX900 now and think about adding a Yamaha later. The Ninja is a very exciting motorcycle, a leap forward for large-displacement sporting bikes. If you think the essence of motorcycling is the sensation of leaning into corners, you need one.

Source Motorcyclist 1984

Bike magazine 1984

Yamaha FJ1100 vs Laverda Jota vs Kawasaki GPz 900R vs Honda VF 1000F vs BMW K100RS

BMW K100RS

'The easy-going motor
doesn't kindle any manic
desire to keep up with the
pack'

HAVE YOU EVER felt like a spare tit in the back row of the local cinema? That's what it's like having the BMW K100RS in a hot-?hot, rip-snorting, balls-out..ultimate sportster comparison test. Everyone around you is dribbling and drooling and twiddling away at the preload doo-dahs, damping wotsits and air valves, and you're sat there wondering how to get in a quick 200 leagues without arriving back in Douglas after 37 and a bit miles.

Yup, there was a whole lotta gruntin' going on (good grief) but the BMW wasn't going any of it. Instead, it was more or less whiling away the time until the long ride home when it could set tie down to its rather different stride and really down come into its own.
'It's not a sportster,' said Mac, returning the keys after one lap. His tone was that of a man whose lamb has turned out to be mutton. But I like it.'There spoke a man who knew that the man who signed his expenses claims liked the RS too.

We'd met up the night before in Heysham. Mac and Dave, on the F) and Ninja, looked slightly shagged after a day at Cadwell and a hectic ride trying to get the most from the two multis. I'd come up on the BMW from London, getting a lot of what was on offer, but felt slightly fitter since the RS's best is comparatively further south of the redline.

Arriving on the Island the next morning, we'd watched practice at Quarter Bridge, then gone for the traditional lap before breakfast. Somewhere between Braddan and Ballacraine I realised that, were it not for the fact that Mac was toting a nervous pillion, plus occasional hold-ups from the odd meandering course-learner's tranny, the RS and mo/wouldn't be in the line up come Parliament Square.

It wasn't just that the RS, although faster and tauter compared to its twin pot predecessor, isn't as fast and agile as the three Jap bikes (and neither am I as fast and agile as Brown or McDiarmid), but its long legged comfort and easy-going, slow-rewing motor simply didn't kindle any manic desire to stay with the pack.

That is, of course, the way BMW planned it. In fact, they planned it so well that the Bee Em's main reaction to being expected to hustle like a FJ or GPz is a big Does Not Compute.
Hardly surprising really. Whereas the Laverda, Yamaha and Kawasaki have short, stiffly-sprung suspension at both ends, the BMW has a comparatively whopping 7.3in up front and more average 4.3in at the rear. The springs up front are fairly soft — so soft I forgot about several bumps on my way to work until I borrowed the Ninja.

So if the BMW is braked down hard into a corner in the way the others are designed to do, it goes in with its nose way too low, rear end way too high and waggling on its shaft. The result is undignified in the extreme, although not especially likely to cause anyone to fall off.

The way to do it is to get all your braking over and done with before peeling off, select either of the two appropriate gears (torquey motor), chose round about the right line (some leeway here, though not much) and power through. By this time the Ninja is definitely winning the race, although I calculate that even if it managed the Mountain 20mph faster than the RS (say the Ninja maintains an easy 90mph average), its rider would have just two minutes to get to the bar and buy you a drink.

It wasn't that the BMW wasn't at home on the TT course (it was doing a sight better than the Kawasaki Z1000RI went up on last year), but that it and the three Japs were in entirely different ball games. The accent with the FJ, GPz and VF is on high horses.
explosive powerbands and lightning-quick, taut responses; the BMW is all about a comparatively understressed motor in an over-engineered chassis with the accent on long distance comfort even if it means trading off a measure of scratchability.

Its motor puts out about 90bhp/litre (claimed), while the GPz needs nearly 130/litre to maintain its winning ways, and while none of the other fours could be accused of gutlessness at low rpm, they can't quite match the feel of the RS's slightly undersquare motor as it rolls you smoothly forward from less than 1500rpm in top. The BMW's flat torque curve and relatively compact revband (redlined at 8500rpm) also make early upswaps and all-day 80-110mph riding pleasurable enough to reserve exploration of the last 2000rpm for the enlivening blast to 130mph or more.

Oddly  unless Bayerischethink is already winning you over — the RS has by far the best high speed riding position and protection. Funny how the Japanese went to all that trouble to develop 16in front wheels to reduce steering effort and frontal area on racers and then stuck, ugly great, high, wide bars on their roadsters. Only the Kawasaki has a set of reasonably low bars to take advantage of this.

The RS's narrow bars tuck you down nicely behind the fairing without stretching your body across the tank, while the well-placed foolrests put some weight, which'd otherwise rest on your bum, on your legs. The fairing is pretty excellent. Wind and flies still hit your helmet but there's no question of a stiff neck. Aerodynamically. the increased downthrust induced by the fairing and slow steering geometry make the RS unbelievably stable at speed.

Naturally there's a trade-off in the form of pretty heavy steering at progressive rates, especially since the short bars don't offer much leverage. If you don't like that, sir, may we suggest the K100RT...
The more I rode the RS, the more impressed I became with the purposefulness with which the whole plot was designed. Few riders would fault the suspension unless they were chasing one of the other test bikes; many would welcome its compliance and the need to adjust only a single, three-way preload ring on the rear shock. Aside from its wonderfully clean lines (parked next to the VF it looks like an aeroplane next to a Christmas tree), it also shows much evidence of careful thought; such as the flip switch for quick headlamp adjustment to compensate for a passenger or luggage.

It's not totally insipid or Teutonically dull, however. A secondary vibration period around 3000rpm is occasionally annoying since it buzzes the left footrest at motorway speed in top but hardly rates the added complication of a balancer. The insistent hiss from the fuel pump in the tank has to be lived with, as does a lot of cammy whirring which detracts from the motor's relaxed feel by making it sound as if its turning faster than it is. All the KlOO's I've ridden have occasionally muffed the first-second upshift, although the clutch is wonderfully light and smooth and gear-changes become quicker and more positive as revs rise.

But the real joke isn't the silencer (which looks like a case of deliberately leaving room for improvement) but the pillion arrangements. What, nograbrail? Words fail me.
With the Jota dying, the only remaining rival to tempt me away from the Bee-Em was the Ninja — mainly because it, too, displays the same singleminded intent and unwillingness to compromise. In fact it'sso good it's awesome but since I don't need to go that fast, I can't be bothered to put up with the harshness while riding at under l00mph so I'll be very boring and start saving for the BMW.

Brecon Quaddy

HONDA VF1000F

'All the stuff's there to make one outrageous
motorcycle but somewhere in Honda's
design shop there's a wet willy'

JUST AS I WAS contemplating my notes about the Honda VFIOOOF and the wet, nightmarish ride I'd had back from Heysham, a photo and caption in one of the weeklies caught my eye. It had pop star Buster Bloodvessel astride some bike at an obscure motorcycle show. The caption went along the lines of 'I like British bikes because they're real machines. I don't like bikes which look like the inside of a fridge.' He meant Jap bikes, of course.

Forgetting all the merits of new technology etc, he had a point. Look at the Honda's instrument panel and you'll see neat gauges surrounded by anti-glare matt black, flanked by the brilliant white of the half-fairing. Everything is so unobtrusive, efficient, clean and functional that, yes, it could be an offshoot of Zanussi. Open the filler cap and, sorry, no a little light doesn't come on...

Looks are subjective though and I'll leave It's all of the 'functional is best' school of thought and the Honda is certainly the most comfortable of the three Jap sports bikes among this collection. It's not as racy as either the Kawasaki or Yamaha, but not as Mr Solid Upright Citizen as the BMW RS. Look at the Honda from any angle and it's taller, slimmer, more 'ordinary' than the Kawasaki or Yamaha. Certainly, when you first sit on it you notice the extra ride height over those two bikes.

The riding position is reflected in its handling, as you'd expect, but only at the very extremes of the perforamnce envelope of these'bikes. Back off from those limits just a fraction and the Honda is one helluva good all-round bike. When I was first allocated the Honda to test, I was a bi t miffed thinking, as did most of us, that it was a good third in the excitement stakes behind the Kawa and Yam (the Jota had by this time expired, Dellorto Rest Its Cams). I'd ridden the Kawasaki up the IoM via Cadwell Park where I'd watched Mac get left on the line in his classic bike championship race, thus losing the title, and covered half of England at a ferocious rate. How's this overblown 750 gonna compete with that? I thought.

Better that I'd imagined, came the strong reply. Round the Island's bumps the Honda occasionally shook its head a bit wildly. RB claimed it almost threw him off along one lane that he took at llOmph when the rest of us equipped with the power of imagination rode at 80 max. It never got that bad for me.

Then the final piece of evidence came on that ride back. Problems with Jota meant for odd reasons that I finally set out from Heysham at 2am into the slooshing rain, more than a little fatigued and bleary-eyed after three days revelry and bike-biasing. The Honda motored through the buffeting storm, sending out a scorcher of a main beam to pick out the M6 lanes and roadwork cones. It was a shock to cut down to dip beam with its flat topped beam. Take a tip from Cibie, Honda and light up the nearside edge...

After a few stops at service areas, none of which seem to be open on the south bound side at that hour, dawn broke just as I left the motorway and cut across country to Peterborough, my neck of the woods these days. The fatigue etched into my eyes and bones lifted a bit with drying roads and some light and 1 wound up the gas a bit. The Honda's best point came flooding through — its motor. Hardly a gearchange was required on the 60 milc-stretch across Northamptonshire, just blast, lean, blast, occasional brake.

The motor is a bored and stroked version of the VF750 rather than a cutdown 1100 V4. It's been achieved with some neat touches: to allow for the wider bores in basically the same alloy block, the steel liners are now pressed in with the coolant running directly against the outside of the liner. This is what's called a 'wet' liner and is similar to the Gl V900K. The bore is now 77mm diameter, the stroke increased by 5mm to 53.6mm giving an actual capacity of °°8cc. Con-rods, big and small ends have all been strenthencd.

Bigger. 36mm Keihin carbs breathe through larger valves, bigger airbox and exhaust pipes. Cams have more lift and duration while the VF750's bugbear — some would say Honda's perennial nightmare — the cam chain has been changed to a straighforward roller chain from the Morse type. Tappet adjustment is by screw-and-locknut. Transmission is much the same as the 750 retaining the odd one-way clutch to help prevent the back wheel locking up when changing gear downwards. The clutch has two extra plates to cope with the extra poke, and the gear ratios altered slightly to take advantage of greater low rev torque. At lOOmph. the VF1000 is showing 6800rpm.

Oil capacity and the rate at which the coolant is pumped around the mill is upped too though it's still possible to get the Honda near the read zone in slow town use. In fact, our bike nigh on boiled over at the end of the test but it had developed a small leak from the cover of the waterpump. The VF1000 uses the left lower frame cradle to transfer water to the engine, one of Honda's neat touches.

Chassis is smaller to the 750s, and bears a passing resemblance to the Yamaha's, not considering the FJ's wrap round steering head. It's an advantage being steel rather than alloy  one prang and an alloy frame is usually bent. The engine sits a couple of inches lower in the frame than the VF though it's still higher overall than the others tested here. Nevertheless, it's a fine and easy handling bike with none of the Yamaha's odd characteristics which split the test team almost evenly. At least we all agreed about theVF.

It s the motor which sets the Honda on a pedestal t hough: power rushes in gloriously at all revs above 4000rpm, and it's no slouch below either. While the Kawasaki requires you to grab a lower cog for sharp overtaking, the Honda will sing away with its distinctive rumbling. Around the TT circuit that's a real plus if you're not as familiar with it as Mac. for instance. Fools rush in — but not in the Isle of Man unless they're Roland Brown. The Honda allowed you to go through a corner allowing room to manoeuvre and you could always count on the power response.

The power delivery suits the nature of the suspension and relaxed feel of the riding posit ion. Forks are 41 mm diameter wit h a three-position rebound damping adjuster sat on top of the right leg. while the left leg has twice as much compression damping as the right. Linking the two together is an air assistance system and that rigid fork brace. There's a fair range of adjustment up front and also on the rear Pro-Link shock. For total balls to the hurricane riding round a bumpy circuit such as the TT course, the Honda is a shade soft or at least wallowing but back on normal UK roads these traits are almost impossible to find.

It's bad points are hard to find apart from the front brake. Jumping off the Yamaha or Kawasaki onto the Honda was heart-stopping at first. The Honda's front brake looks trick enough: twin piston calipers with a mechanical anti-dive. But the feel is spongy and lacks bite until you've got the lever some way back to the bar. It works well enough then but is way behind the others in the confidence-inspiring stakes.

The bodywork is well, okay if you fridges. It all fits together well, nothing gets in the way but it lacks the aggressive poise of the Ninja and the practicality of the BMW RSor the Jota. That half fairing knocks a sufficient hole in the wind for °0mph cruising in comfort but this is a bike with 145mph capability.

Over l00mph, it's neck stretch and wrist ache time again folks.
Summing up, I've got to say this is A Typical Honda. All the stuff's there to make one outrageous motorcycle, just as Kawasaki have done with the GPz900R. Corporate responsibility, conscience, no backbone, call it what you like but somewhere in Honda's design dept they've got a wet willy. Shake him out, willya7
Dave Caltierwood

Laverda Jota

'The Laverda makes a
wonderful change from
the other bikes soulless
whirrings'

REMEMBER — take it easy, okay 7' I shouted to Mac as he put his helmet on and threw an oversuited leg over the quietly idling Yamaha. He nodded and set off up the ferry's slippery ramp towards land, tail light glimmering brightly through the driving midnight rain. I fiddled with the Laverda's bar-mounted choke lever, thumbed the starter button, gave the motor a few gentle blips and took a deep breath before nosing the ailing Jota into he blackness of the downpour.

For a worrying moment 1 was left limping at the back of the queue, powerless to keep up if the others suddenly sped off; then Dave dropped back and I was safe. I needn't have worried: a few minutes later, on the outskirts of Heysham, the Laverda suddenly slowed with a death rattle that even Brecon, well ahead on the BMW. heard all too clearly.

We's been planning to call the RAC out ifrom Blackpool but this was terminal and we had no choice.
The Jota was eventually trailered back to Three Cross Motorcycles to find out the full extent of the disaster. A tangled valve had dropped off onto the piston, damaging the barrels, bending a conrod and wrecking the crankshaft. Comprehensively Donald Ducked, to borrow their phrase.

Three Cross couldn't understand it, because the bike had taken 15,000 miles of hard use without complaint before we picked it up. We couldn't understand it either, because the Laverda had begun running badly on almost the first occasion I'd opened it up. The Jota had done no more than stumble round for a couple of painfully slow laps once I'd nursed it to the Island, which was a great shame because if any European machine could have challenged the new breed of Oriental bulletbike then this was surely the one.

The latest Jota model represents the performance pinnacle of Laverda's development of the famous aircooled triples. It takes the later, RGS-style chassis with its bendable Bayflex bodywork and dresses it up with an all-new fibreglass twinheadlamp fairing, sensibly cut back now to reveal the beautiful sand-cast engine (early versions of the bike wore a full fairing; both styles are available). The lines are sleek, the colour is a traditional orange and the paint scheme isloud, very loud.

Into that set-up fits one of the later, 120-degree crankshaft engines incorporating, in the case of our bike, a tuning kit that adds ￡500 to the four-grand price tag of the basic machine. This provides a pair of heavy-breathing 4C cams as fitted to the lovely but short-lived 120 Jota; forged pistons borrowed from the Corsa to give a 10.5:1 compression ratio; a gas-flowed and ported cylinder head and a modified airbox with jets to suit. The raucous black three-into-one racepipe fitted to the testbike is officially not for road use. Three Cross said, but the pipe costs a shade under ￡200 if you, er, don't ride on the road, know wot I mean, John? It too is loud, very loud indeed.

After the soulless mechanical whirrings of the other four bikes the Laverda makes a wonderful change with its barely-subdued rumble at tickover and its fruity rasp when you blip the throttle. First impressions were good — the bike started easily and felt low, light and manoeuvrable as I left the Three Cross emporium in deepest Dorset and headed along the south coast on the M27.

At a nervous 85-odd mph the Laverda ambled along feeling like a man-eating tiger on a very weak lead  I had to fight hard to resist giving it a handful of throttle that would probably have been disastrous for my licence, the more so because, annoyingly, the bike had no mirrors and I couldn't read the speedo.

This was calibrated in kph, with illegibly small mph figures inside, and was obscured from my view by the fairing's swept-back screen. At leas that detail is only a problem if you're tall, unlike the awkward twin fuel taps and the horrible only-style Suzuki switchgear. On one occasion I managed the old favourite of blacking all the lights out when trying to use the dipswitch. . .

On the move the bike has that distinctively taut, Italian feel to it — even without the noise you'd have no problem picking it out blindfold. The riding position stretches you out over that big orange tank and the twistgrip has a long action needing a big grab to get the Dellortos fully open and gulping. The hydraulic clutch is still fairly heavy and although the gearchange is positive it has a long travel and needs a forceful foot.

The Brembo brakes are excellent in the dry, almost as good as the Kawasaki's discs, but they're not quite as immediate in the wet at low speeds.
If the Lav was losing time on the Island's straights during its brief blast, then it sure wasn't giving much away in the corners. Not so long ago a front and rear Marzocchi setup was the only way to go if you wanted to get a big bike round the 1 1 course at a respectable rate without bouncing off numerous walls and hedges on the way. And although the Japanese have changed all that and the Laverda's steering is heavy by comparison, you won't find a much more stable perch from which to observe lesser bikes' suspension shortcomings than the narrow black seat (complete with removable tailpiece) of the Jota.

The hefty, non-adjustable Marzocchis up front are just as you'd expect: decidedly firm for everyday use but strong, well-damped and great for attacking the mountain at silly speeds. Rear shocks are remote-reservoir units that seem almost crude by modern standards but which let you know exactly what's going on at the road surface below. With the five-way preload on its minimum setting the ride was well-controlled without being uncomfortably harsh and the Laverda had a reassuringly solid feel in fast bends. Pirelli Phantoms are the normal tyre fitment but our bike was shod with a pair of the new Avon Super Venoms, which gave no nasty moments.

If only its engine had held together the Jota would have been so at home on the Island. The 981cc two-valve triple has to be taken to a heady state of tune to stay in the performance game these days but the rubber-mounted, 120-degree motor remains a beaut. As you wind open the throttle the Jota lurches forward with a bellow, then as the tacho reaches seven grand the exhaust note changes its pitch, the bike leaps onward again and you're heading for the top speed of a shade over 140mph.
Although the motor likes to be revved there's a reasonable amount of midrange power.

The only glitches are fuel consumption that often drops below 30mpg and a dodgy spot at around 2500rpm (apparently that's where the ignition advance comes in) which results in some very erratic behaviour if you try riding along at that speed in town. Apart from that the motor's as flexible and well-mannered as you could hope for from such a fire-breathing old warhorse. If only we'd had more chance to let it show its paces.
Roland Brown

Kawasaki GPz 900R

'It was the red and grey
Kawasaki that everyone
felt happiest on when the
going got tough'

THE NINJA came out of the open Waterworks right-hander like a rocket, front end hardly twitching as it recrossed the white line while still cranked over they screamed off up the hill. As the tight, walled and straw-baled bends outside Ramsey disappeared in its mirrors to be replaced by the fences, the panoramic views, the fast, often-blind curves and the sheer drops of the mountain the Kawasaki seemed to suck in even more of the warm early-evening air and to puff out its chest with pride. The Ninja was back on home ground: undisputed King of the Mountain.

It was not so much the Kawasaki's sheer speed that got to everyone who rode it. though that was impressive enough. More important is the way the GPz copes with that speed and puts the rider in perfect control at alltimes. It'ssingleminded toa degree normally seen only in Italian bikes: the riding position is long and low; the suspension is firm and heavily damped; the brakes are phenomenally powerful and it takes six tightly-spaced gears to keep the high-revving motor on the boil at all times. It'sa Japanese Jota of abike, as Dave Calderwood hinted in his test in July's issue, and it makes the FJl 100 and the VFIOOOF look almost soft by comparison.

Take the riding position, for example. It brings the rider forward to reach the swept-back two-piece handlebars and for pottering round town it's less comfortable than the more upright stance given by the Honda and the Yam. Combined with stiff forks the low, narrow bars give your wrists a tough time and at slow speeds the steering is relatively heavy.

But when you're following a motoring McDiarmid into the Laurel Bank section, peering over the fly-spattered screen as the hedges and walls flash past, frantically trying to remember which way the next bend goes and how tight and bumpy it's going to be, there's just no better pair of handlebars to be holding on to. At speed the Ninja's steering and handling are quite superb  if what you thought was lefthander suddenly heads off to the right a slight nudge is all that is needed to put the Kawasaki on a different line, and once it's there it sticks to that line like a 119 horsepower Manx tram to its rails.

In every aspect of fast cornering the GPz900 is precise, stable and confidence-inspiring. Hit a bump at well over a ton on the mountain and the Ninja shakes its head a little, then at once settles down again without any fuss. On one incredibly bumpy stretch of road going towards Jurby Airfield the Honda got into a nasty high-speed tankslapper (the only time 1 got it to misbehave seriously, I should add); when I went back over the same bit of road on the Kawasaki its bars got very lively but there was no need to slow down. It's a shame the Yamaha wasn't on form, it might have run the Ninja close, but it was the red and grey Kawasaki that everyone felt happiest on when the going got tough.

Another reason tor that were the brakes, which are as good as any I can remember using. The front discs are incredibly powerful, needing only light pressure on the lever, as well as being very progressive and controllable. The Kawasaki has little of the FJll's tendency to stand up when braking into bends, and with its powerful AVDS anti-dive system the Ninja retains a wonderfully stable front end to encourage you to squeal the front Japlop right into corners.

There's a fair bit of jarring through the bars whichever of its three positions the anti-dive is set on. and the same goes for the fork air pressure. Recommended settings vary between 5psi and ail of 8psi; I preferred the higher limit and was happier with the 21psi maximum in the rear shock and the four-way damping turned up, which helped when it came to carrying a passenger. Like the older GPzs' the Ninja's shock adjustment is a screwdriver turn away, behind a sidepanel, so altering settings is a time-consuming business.

When you're riding the Kawasaki it's hard to believe that its 908cc motor is giving away a significant number of cubes to all its competitors. The watercooled four-valver lacks the midrange punch of some, true, but it's a great engine: silky, narrow and very, very powerful. Keep it above 6000rpm and the Ninja responds instantly to the throttle, and even below that figure it runs cleanly and is noticeably less peaky than the most recent two-valveGPzllOO motors.

It's also very smooth, thanks largely to the gear-driven balancer shaft situated directly beneath the crank. This turns backwards at twice crankshaft speed and neutralises the engine's tingling secondary vibration, which in turn allows the power unit to be solidly mounted and to act as a stressed member of the skinny-looking but obviously immensely strong frame. Very little vibration gets through to the rider, even when you make use of the real megapower lying between eight grand and thel0,500rpm redline.

That sort of power band means plenty of hoofing around through the thoughtfully-provided six-speed gearbox but even when barrelling round the Island's ribbon of blind bends I rarely found cog-swapping a problem. Like the rest of the bike the Ninja's gearchange seems to work best when the going is fast: round town, changes tend to be clonky but at high revs you can flick up and down instantly and the lever action is so sweet you need hardly give it a thought. Only dodgy part of the transmission is the
clutch — our original testbike's unit gave up completely at MIRA and the second bike's clutch was obviously poorly after just a few gentle half-mile runs. One slow, juddering and shrieking launch produced a best-ever (wind-assisted) 11.13 second quarter so I packed up and went home while the going was good.

There were a few other niggles: a slight oil weep from the camchain tensioner region (the Hy-Vo camchain runs up the left side of themotor; the alternator sits behind the engine and is chain-driven from the right of thecrank); a leak that meant the coolant tank had to be topped up on a few occasions; and the failure of the temperature gauge on the last day of the test. More general faults were mostly related to ergonomics. The fairing provides no hand protection and its mirrors are too close together; the indicator switch is basic and the dipswitch is small. On the plus side the grabrail is strong and the retractable bungee hooks make luggage carrying easy unless you're two-up (which is often when you most need it, of course).

It would hardly be stretching a point to say that on a bike such as this we should be grateful for any concessions to practicality we're given — after all the Jota has no mirrors at all. But when the opposition is as hot as the Ninja's is Kawasaki can't afford to slip up on even the slightest detail. For superquick roadwork the Yamaha, especially, is so close behind that it's the rider who'll make either bike the quicker over most twisty roads, and theFJllOO's extra midrange, greater comfort and better detail work tempt me to pick it as my favourite. Then I remember my last, fast Island lap on the Ninja — the uncanny stability as it banked through the Bungalow, the awesome speed as it flew down the hill towards the Creg. And once again I'm not so sure...
Roland Brown

Yamaha FJ1100

'Mean looking and low. I the Yamaha offers promise and delivers—in spades'

GET ONE OF THESE and you'd better recalibrate your diary. It took at least a week's custody of the FJ1100 before I got the hang of not arriving for appointments half-a-county away at least a pint ahead of schedule: you just aim in the general direction of your destination and delight in getting obviously lost, secure in the knowledge that the Yamaha will get you from anywhere to almost anywhere else in less time than you've got.

And about time, too. Until now Yamaha's range of big four-strokes has brought them to the verge of financial collapse and the rest of us adrenalin cold turkey, particularly those allergic to mainlining on two-strokes. Their range lacked overall pzazz and a flagship in particular: the FJ is both — and right up there with the best.

Mean-looking and low, the 1100 offers a promise and delivers — in spades. The
compact four-valve, twin-cam motor pulls smoothly in any gear from 1500rpm, then starts to burn serious rubber from 6000 to the redline at 9500rpm. Although peak torque arrives as late as 8000rpm, the mill, puts out above a healthy 50 foot-pounds all the way from 3500rpm to the redline; for comparison a Ducati 900SS peaks close to that figure. Coupled with impeccably clean carburation and instant throttle response, this makes for gusty acceleration at practically any revs in any gear. Equally crucial, the power band is progressive and predicable. Just as well — with horses well into three figures on the leash, abrupt delivery would offer nowt but gravel rash.

Compared with the GPz and VF, the FJ has appreciably more mid-range than the Kawasaki, less sheer bottom-end but marginally better extreme top-end than the Honda. In a top gear roll-on from 70mph against that all-time king of grunt, the Yamaha XS11, the FJ initially lost 20 yards or so before resoundingly clearing off above 1 lOmph; stir those slick gears a little and the XS might as well be a pony trap. Without the pony.

Considering the amount of stomp on tap the FJ is commendably frugal, averaging 42.9mpg overall. The low of 37.3 was guzzled two-up with luggage on fast A-roads, arriving dead on time after a mileage under-estimated by 50 per cent; the high of 52.9 was at night on unfamiliar B-roads into a blizzard of midges, but otherwise without especial restraint. Full-tank range is upwards of 180 miles, the reliable fuel warning light coming on about 20 before this. There is no reserve and the fuel gauge is a waste of space.

The FJ is equally civilised off the forecourt. Mechanical noise is limited to muted valve-train chatter and transmission whine. That, eerily, is all there is to be heard on the overrun. The exhaust is all but inaudible. Even after the most brutal caning the tickover settles to a steady whirr, and the motor fires on the button cold, hot or very hot. Astonishing, when you consider that this sort of specific power was close to the limit of technical development only 20 years ago.

But if the FJ didn't handle on a par with all this magnificent clout, you could stick it in your ear. Fortunately it does. Despite a temptation to dismiss the 'lateral concept' frame as so much Japspeak, it appears as rigid as any more conventional cradle; also offering exceptional maintenance access and looking trick into the bargain. The bike steers with real precision at all speeds, save with a slight tendency towards understeer on slow corners where really huge bumps can also make it sit up.

Yamaha has made the most of 16-inch front wheel technology (the similar diameter rear is neither here nor there, and is anyway so fat-tyred as to have a 'conventional' rolling radius): there are 18-inchers which steer as quickly, but at the price of highspeed instability. The quick steering characteristics of the small wheel have allowed Yamaha to employ lazy steering geometry — the yoke offset, for instance, is distinctly Ducati — without the pentalty of advance application, in writing, for direction changes. In addition the designers went to considerable trouble to keep the engine as short as a typical 650cc transverse four; the resulting short wheelbase also contributes to responsive steering: the FJ is nearly three inches shorter than other Japanese 1100s.

For its size the FJ changes line rapidly and with a minimum of rider input, impressively so at very high speeds. It readily chops line on corners where lesser bikes are committed to one and accepts quite heavy front brake deep into turns. Overall it's rather less agile than the lighter but equally solid GPz and slightly slower steering but more stable than the VF. All three, though, bring a new dimension into the combination of power with handling.

Unfortunately some of the FJ's precision goes out to lunch as the original-equipment rear boot gets clapped. Grippy these Japlops may be, but they become increasingly prone to white-lining and high-speed weave. To put this in perspective it never became remotely alarming or occurred within hailing distance of UK speed limits; it's just there.

This tendency could be dialled out in part by upping rear suspension settings and completely vanishes with new rubber. It's probably worth experimenting with the various alternative tyres available: one reliable source claims Pirelli Phantoms are the answer.
Suspension both ends is multi-adjustable for damping and preload, although the correct alien key for the forks would be a welcome addition to the tool kit. (Not everyone has a GPz on hand for this purpose.) Ride is supple and compliant even on the hardest settings, although to my mind the monoshock is both slightly under-damped and under-sprung. The forks are substantially braced and with the anti-dive set close to minimum I couldn't fault their action.

The brakes are superb, powerful, progressive and full of feedback. Although
they give slight best to the Kawasaki, they're light years ahead of the Honda's, which faded with surprising ease. Early anti-dive Yams had a sponginess from pumping up the fork hydraulics, but the FJ has no such problem. Leverage ratios at the rear are ideal: even the clumsiest boot, of which I have two, is unlikely to lock the wheel.
Grounding anything but the fold-up footpegs is strictly for nutters and heroes, who'll probably also want to ditch the centre-stand which scrapes under extreme duress. Said citizens will also appreciate the TV-size mirrors to admire their trails of sparks, and incidentally to keep an eye on the Old Bill. All they're likely to find behind that slippery fairing, if they ever catch you, is a grin. The rest of your development will already have been arrested.
Mac McDiarmid

CONCLUSION

WITH the notable exception of the Honda, all five bikes lived up to expectations. The most expensive — the BMW at ￡4495 —
doesn't of fer the performance and handling brilliance of the cheapest — the GPz900R at ￡3199 — but justifies its high price in terms of equipment, finish, reliability and remarkable longdistance comfort.

The Laverda, at ￡3999 basic (￡500 more with the tuning bits), comes closer to the Japanese bikes' performance but depends largely on subjective appeal and its Italian heritage. Apart from the RGS Corsa, it's the best non-Japanese musclebike around-Making a choice between the three Japanese machines promised to be harder than deciding whether to buy a BMW or a Laverda.
All offer more poke than anyone seriously needs, excellent handling, and price tags to make European sales directors weep. In the end it was lack of startling virtues, rather than any major vices, which relegated the VF1000F to third place. It was just too. . . nice. The FJ1100 looked at first to be a big threat to the Ninja, with more povrer and greater potential as an ultra quick
tourer.

Ultimately, however, everyone voted for the Kawasaki. Over ￡300 cheaper than the Honda or Yam, it equals or betters both as a street racer, has superb brakes, and always feels more exciting. Which is surely what a sports motorcycle is all about. If it wasn't for the BMW and Laverda, picking the Ninja as overall winner would be easy. But few could dispute the KlOORS's ability to live up to its maker's promise. Nor is the Jota the worse off for Laverda's refusal to totally sanitise their products: quite the opposite. All three are winners, although if you've always reckoned that cheapest is best, Kawasaki have proved that the best, for once, is also the cheapest.